增效肥料对设施栽培小白菜生长及土壤酶活性的影响
对照，在设施栽培条件下，通过盆栽试验，研究不同增效肥料基施后对小白菜可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量等抗逆生理指标及土壤有机碳含量和酶活性影响的差异，同时观测各处理小白菜的农艺性状和生物量。【结果】与CK1相比，施用增效肥料后小白菜各项农艺性状、产量和生物量指标均得到改善，以生化黄腐酸增效肥料整体效果最佳，其株高、叶片SPAD值、叶长、叶宽、有效叶片数和产量分别提高15.0%、4.0%、18.1%、15.9%、9.8%和63.8%，根长、根鲜重和根干重分别增加23.3%、324.0%和5.9%，生物量提高51.5%，且叶长、产量、根长、根鲜重和生物量方面均达显著差异水平（P<0.05，下同）。与CK1相比，脲酶抑制剂、生化黄腐酸、海藻酸及复合增效剂4种增效肥料处理小白菜的可溶性蛋白含量分别提高47.2%、49.1%、48.2%和51.5%，脲酶抑制剂、生化黄腐酸及复合增效剂分别提高小白菜POD活性7.8%、2.8%和3.1%，脲酶抑制剂、海藻酸及复合增效剂分别降低MDA含量2.2%、19.1%和36.6%，均达显著差异水平。与CK1相比，脲酶抑制剂和海藻酸两种增效肥料对土壤脲酶起抑制作用，抑制率分别达14.3%和2.8%，其余增效肥料均对土壤酶活性（除复合增效剂处理抑制CAT活性6.2%）和有机碳含量（除脲酶抑制剂处理下降10.2%外）产生一定的促进效果，其中生化黄腐酸增效肥料效果最稳定，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、CAT活性及土壤有机碳含量分别提高10.0%、93.7%、12.5%和7.4%，且均达显著差异水平。【结论】增效肥料可改善设施栽培小白菜的部分抗性生理指标，提高其对逆境的耐受力和土壤有机碳及矿化速度，实现小白菜农艺性状、生物量和产量的提升。
关键词： 增效肥料;小白菜;抗性生理指标;土壤酶活;土壤有机碳
中图分类号： S634.306.1 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2019）09-2022-07
Abstract：【Objective】To study the effects of different synergistic fertilizers on the growth characteristics， stress resistance physiology of pakchoi and soil enzyme activity in greenhouse cultivation， and provide references for the promotion of synergistic fertilizer application on facility vegetables. 【Method】Four experimental groups with urease inhibitor， biochemical fulvic acid， alginic acid and synergist compounds（T1-T4） were conducted， respectively， with CK0 without fertilization and CK1 with the ordinary fertilizer as control. Potted culture experiments were conducted to study the soluble protein， peroxidase（POD）， catalase（CAT）， total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD） and malondialdehyde（MDA） contents of pakchoi after application of different synergistic fertilizers. At the same time，the different effects on soil organic carbon content， representative enzyme activity were observed， and agronomic traits and biomass of pakchoi were also analyzed. 【Result】Compared with CK1， the agronomic traits， yield and biomass indicators of pakchoi were improved after applying the synergistic fertilizer. The overall effect of biochemical fulvic acid-enhancing fertilizer was the best， and plant height， leaf SPAD value， leaf length， leaf width， effective leaf number and yield increased by 15.0%， 4.0%， 18.1%， 15.9%， 9.8% and 63.8%， respectively. Root length， root fresh weight and root dry weight increased by 23.3%， 324.0% and 5.9%， respectively. And the biomass increased by 51.5%;five indexes（including leaf length， yield， root length， fresh weight and biomass） reached significant differences（P<0.05， the same below）. Compared with CK1， the four kinds of synergistic fertilizers（urease inhibitor， biochemical fulvic acid， alginic acid and synergist compounds） increased the soluble protein content of pakchoi by 47.2%， 49.1%， 48.2% and 51.5%， respectively， and the POD activity was increased respectively by 7.8%， 2.8% and 3.1% under urease inhibitor， biochemical fulvic acid and synergist compounds treatments. The MDA content decreased by 2.2%， 19.1% and 36.6%， respectively under urease inhibitor， alginic acid and synergist compounds treatments， and all reached significant differences.Compared with CK1， except urease inhibitors and alginate synergistic fertilizer played an inhibitory effect on soil urease， and inhibition rate reached 14.3%， 2.8% respectively， the rest synergistic fertili-zers（except compound synergist treatment decreased the CAT activity by 6.2%） and organic carbon（except urease inhibitor treatment decreased by 10.2%） played a promoting effect on soil enzyme activity. The effect of biochemical fulvic acid synergistic fertilizer was the most stable， which increased soil urease content， sucrase content， CAT activity and soil organic carbon content by 10.0%， 93.7%， 12.5% and 7.4% respectively， and reached significant differences. 【Conclusion】Four kinds of synergistic fertilizers can improve the stress resistance indexes of pakchoi， increase its stress tolerance， soil organic carbon content and mineralization speed， and also improve agronomic traits， biomass and yield of pakchoi.